Dear students,
A very good morning to all.
In this lecture video, let us revise
the subject module wise…So that you can do well in exams!.....
Module-1
Important topics to be revise and
practice are as follows.
1. Block diagram of computer or Structure of Computer
Draw diagram neatly
with input unit, process unit, output unit.
Process Unit àincludes MU (Memory Unit) and CPU àIncludes (CU + ALU)
Ok!
Draw diagram=2 marks
Explain all units with
quality points.
Input Unit
Processing Unit
Memory Unit
ALU
Control Unit
Output Unit
Ok!
2. Input and Output Devices (list and explain in brief!)
3. Computer Generations (5 types) List and Explain quality points
4. Types of Computers
Analog, Digital and
Hybrid (On the basis of working principle)
Single User: Desktop,
Workstation, Laptop, Tablet, Smart Phone, etc.
Multi User: Mini,
Mainframe, Super Computer
Explain all the above
…Ok!
Computer Network:
Definition, Advantages.
Types of Networks
PAN (Personal Area
Network)
LAN (Local Area
Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Types of Network
Topologies:
Bus topology
Ring topology
Star topology
Mesh topology
Tree topology
Hybrid topology
Explain all with
freehand sketch, few points.
Ok!
Network Components
NIC (Network Interface
Card)
Hub
Switch
Repeater
Bridge
Gateway
List and Explain ok….
Structure of C Program
(IMP)
Write structure and
Explain all sections.
[Documentation Part]
[Pre processor Part]
[Global part]
int main()
{
declaration part;
executable part;
return 0;
}
user defined functions
Explain all the above
with examples.
Write one program as
example.
Ex:
/* C program to find
largest of 2 nos using function*/ documentation part
#include<stdio.h> preprocessor part
int max(int,
int); global
part
void main() main
function
{
int n1, n2, ans; declaration
part
printf(“Enter
two nos”); executable
part
scanf(“%d%d”,&n1,
&n2);
ans=max(n1,n2);
printf(“\n
Largest no is %d”,ans);
}
int max(int x,
int y) user
defined function
{
if (x>y)
return x;
else
return y;
}
Ok!
All the best
What are formatted I/O functions? Discuss with syntax and examples.
1.scanf()
Syntax:
scanf(“No of format specifiers”,&v1,&v2,…,&vn);
Where,
format specifiers: %d, %f, %s, %u, %ld, %hd, etc.
&v1,&v2…Valid variables with ampersand sign
2.printf()
Syntax:
printf(“text message with format specifiers”,v1,v2,…,vn);
Examples;
Explain above two
Write syntax
Give examples…
Ok
Unformatted I/O functions are
getch() and putch()
gets() and puts()
If you get question on it
Explain with syntax and examples.
refer my notes…ok
List and explain the Operators.
Arithmetical operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
increment and decrement operators
conditional operator
bitwise operators
assignment operators
special operators like comma and sizeof
..Practice all
..Give examples.
Refer notes….
ok!
Typecast or type conversion
1.implicit type conversion
This conversion is done by machine/compiler automatically
ans=1/2=0
2.explicit type conversion
This conversion is done by programmer to get accurate results.
ans=(float)1/2=0.5
ans=1/(float)2=0.5
refer notes for more examples
What is precedence and associativity of operators?
Refer notes.
What are data types? List and explain.
char %c 1 byte range
of values (refer notes)
int %d 2 bytes
float %f 4 bytes
double %f 8 bytes
void no value
Explain all with range of values
Conversion of mathematical expression to
c expression
refer notes or
search lecture video…Ok
What is algorithm?
Step by step procedure to solve a given problem with finite number of
steps.
Examples:
Algorithm to calculate simple interest
step-1: start
step-2: read p, t and r
step-3: calculate SI=(ptr)/100
step-4: print SI
step-5: Stop
Flowchart:
Diagrammatical representation of algorithm is called flowchart..
See video
or
refer lecture notes…ok
Simple C programs
1. To calculate simple interest
2. To calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division of two numbers
3. To find area and perimeter of rectangle
4. To find area of triangle by reading B and H
(area=0.5*b*h)
5. To find area of triangle by reading 3 sides a,b and c
s=(a+b+c)/2
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Ok
6. Swap two values using temporary variable
temp=a
a=b
b=temp
7. Swap two values using without using temporary variable
a=a+b
b=a-b
a=a-b
Module-2
Conditional
or Selection or Decision Making or Branching Statements
1. if
2. if else
3. nested if
4. else if ladder (cascaded if)
5. switch (very important) practice syntax, flowchart
,example
Practice
all the above
with
explanation, flowchart and example.
Note: refer notes and videos
Loop or Iterative Statements
1. while (entry controlled or pre test loop)
2. do while *exit controlled or post test loop)
3. for
Difference
between while and do while
Programs:
refer notes or videos…
1. palindrome
2. GCD using Euclids algorithm
3. Fobonacci
4. Factorial
Jump Statements
1.break
2.continue
3.goto
refer notes
and videos
Module-3
Arrays and
Strings
What is 1D
and 2D array?Discuss its declaration and initialization with syntax and
examples.
very
important question…you get it….
Please
practice
Syntax is
very important
1D array
datatype
arrayname[size];
2D array
datatype
arrayname[row size][column size];
refer notes
for further
Watch
videos..ok!
Bubble sort
Selection
sort
Largest and
lowest of n numbers
Sum and
Average of N numbers
Refer notes
Watch
videos
practice
Lab Programs
Strings
What is string?
Discuss declaration and initialization.
Definition
Syntax
char string
name[size];
Examples:
Read and
Write strings:
gets()
reads string till we press enter key
puts()
prints string
Syntax
gets(string_variable) puts(string_variable)
String manipulating
Functions:
strlen()
strcpy()
strncpy()
strcmp()
strncmp()
strcat()
strncat()
strlwr()
strupr()
strrev()
Refer notes
and see video
All the
best
Programs:
C program
to find length of string without using function.
Practice
all taught programs without using functions….
Refer
notes.
Module-4
Functions
What is
function? List advantages.
Function
can be defined as sub program
It also
includes set of instructions to do specific task.
Advantages
1.Reduction
in the size of main()
2.Modular
programming approach (Divide and solve the problems)
3.
Reusability
4. Program
debugging, maintenance and testing is easier
5.We can
create our own library of functions
Elements of
User defined functions:
1.Function
Declaration (prototype)
2.Function
Call
3.Function
Definition
Above all 3
with explanation, syntax and examples.
See Video
or refer notes…
Categories
of functions based on arguments and return value
1.functions
with arguments and return value
2.functions
with no arguments and return value
3.functions
with arguments and no return value
4.functions
with no arguments and no return value (Parameter less functions)
Explain all
4 with examples.
Refer notes
or Watch
video
Actual and
Formal Parameters.
Refer notes
Give
examples
Parameter
passing mechanisms
call by
value
call by
reference(address)
Write
difference between both
Refer notes
Watch video
What is
recursive function? Give example.
A function
that calls itself is called recursive function.
Example:
To find
factorial
#include<stdio.h>
long int
fact(int);
void main()
{
int n;
long int
ans;
printf(“Enter
n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
ans=fact(n);
printf(“\nFactorial
is %ld”,ans);
}
long int
fact(int x)
{
if (x==0 ||
x==1)
return 1;
else
return (x * fact(x-1));
}
Ok!
Storage
Classes Used in C
1.local or
private or automatic variables
2.global
variables
3. static
variables
4.register
variables
refer notes
or watch videos
Module-5
Structure
and Pointers, Preprocessors.
What is
structure? Discuss the declaration and initialization of structure and
structure variable with syntax and examples.
Definition
of structure
Syntax:
struct
<tag name>
{
type1 member1;
type2 member2;
type3 member3;
};
Ex:
struct
student
{
int rno;
char
name[25];
int marks;
float avg;
};
struct
student s1,s2,s3;
Give
example
Refer notes
or watch video
What is
array of structure? Give example with syntax
Syntax:
struct
<structure name>[size];
Example:
struct
student s[50];
Give
programming example.
Refer notes
or watch video
What is
nested structure? Give example.
Structure
within structure is called nested structure
Example
struct date
{
int
dd,mm,yy
};
struct
student
{
int rno;
char
name[25];
struct date
dob,doa,dor;
}
Ok!
What is
pointer? Write its advantages. (Refer notes) or video
Discuss its declaration and initialization
with syntax and examples. (very important)
Pointer is
also a variable. It stores only ADDRESS of another variable.
Syntax for
declaration
data type
*pointer name;
Ex: int *ip, float *fp, char *cp;
Initialization
pointer=&variable;
Ex: int n;
int *ip;
ip=&n;
float ans;
float *fp;
fp=&ans;
char ch;
char *cp;
cp=&ch;
refer notes
and videos….
Dynamic
Memory Allocation
Process of
allocating the memory during program run is called DMA.
malloc()
calloc()
realloc()
free()
Explain
Write
syntax
Give
example
Refer notes
and videos
What are
pre processors? List the types and give examples.
Pre
processors are the small programs
These will
run before the main() runs
All pre
proessors atarts with # sign
They do not
end with ;
There are
also called directives
Types:
1.Macro
Substitution Directives
# define PI 3.142
# define MAX 100
# define MIN 0
2. File
inclusion directives
# include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
3.Compiler
Control Directives
#if
#elif
#endif
Refer notes
In Module 1:
What are c tokens? List and explain in brief.
Keywords
Identifiers
Constants
Strings
Operators
Special Symbols
Write rules for defining variable(identifiers) with valid and invalid
examples.
Important practice the same.
What is variable? How to declare and initialize? (Syntax and Examples)
Important Programs for exams.
1.Simulation
of calculator
2.Simple
interest
3.Area of
rectangle + its perimeter
4.Area of
triangle
5.largest of
3 nos
6.Leap year
or not leap year
7.Swap values
8.PALINDROME
9.GCD
10. Fibonacci
11. Bubble Sort
12. Selection Sort
13. Largest and Lowest of N numbers
14. Prime number or Not Prime
15. Factorial
16. Matrix Multiplication
17. Vector Addition
18. Examples using structure
19. Examples using array of structure
20. Examples of using pointers
21. Examples using malloc
22. Examples for pre processors.
Dear
students,
Attempt
those questions first in which you are perfect
Do not
waste the time
Select
appropriate question
Practice
some programs
If you
won’t get then write those programs as examples….ok!....
Write
neatly.
All the
best!....
Thank you
for the patience…..
All the
best……
All the
best….
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